Devops engineers are often tasked with the job of managing deployments of code to multiple environments. Each one may have different environmental settings such as server name/ip address, URL, subnet name and different connection settings such as db connection strings and app layer connections to name but a few. In all, there’s a truck load of differences. These differences, for convenience sake, are usually stored in config and ini files…

Usually they’re a nightmare (sorry, a challenge) to manage. But here’s a solution that has worked well for me…..

• Use “master” config files that have ALL environmental details replaced with tokens
• Move copies of these files to folders denoting the environments they’ll be deployed to
• Use a token replacement operation to replace the tokens
• Deploy over the top of your code deployments, in doing so replacing the default config files

All the above can be automated very easily, and here’s how:
First off, make tokenised copies of your config files, so that environmental values are replaced with tokens, e.g.
change things like:

<add key=”DB:Connection” value=”Server=TestServer;Initial Catalog=TestDB;User id=Adminuser;password=pa55w0rd”/ >

to

<add key=”DB:Connection” value=”Server=%DB_SERVER%;Initial Catalog=%DB_NAME%;User id=%DB_UID%;password=%DB_PWD%”/ >

Then save a copy of these tokens, and their associated values in a sed file. This sed file should contain values specific to one environment, so that you’ll end up with 1 sed file per environment. These files act as lookups for the tokens and their values.

The syntax for these sed files is:

s/%TOKEN%/TokenValue/i

So here’s the contents of a test environmemt sed file (testing.sed)

s/%DB_SERVER%/TestServer/i

s/%DB_NAME%/TestDB/i

s/%DB_UID%/Adminuser/i

s/%DB_PWD%/pa55w0rd/i

And here’s live.sed:

s/%DB_SERVER%/LiveServer/i

s/%DB_NAME%/LiveDB/i

s/%DB_UID%/Adminuser/i

s/%DB_PWD%/Livepa55w0rd/i

Next up, we want to have a section in our build script which renames the web_master.config files and copies them, and then runs the token replacement task….so here it is:

<target name=”moveconfigs” description=”renames configs, copies them to respective prep locations”>

<delete file=”${channel.dir}\web.config” verbose=”true” if=”${file::exists (webconfig)}” />

<move file=”${channel.dir}\web_Master.config” tofile=”${channel.dir}\web.config” if=”${file::exists (webMasterConfig)}” />

<delete file=”${channel.dir}\web.config” verbose=”true” if=”${file::exists (webconfig)}” />

<move file=”${channel.dir}\web_Master.config” tofile=”${channel.dir}\web.config” if=”${file::exists (webMasterConfig)}” />

<mkdir dir=”${build.ID.dir}\configs\TestArea” />

<mkdir dir=”${build.ID.dir}\configs\Live” />

<copy todir=”${build.ID.dir}\configs\TestArea\${channel.output.name}” >

<fileset basedir=”${channel.dir}” >

<include name=”**\*.config” />

<exclude name=”*.bak” />

</fileset>

</copy>

<copy todir=”${build.ID.dir}\configs\Live\${channel.output.name}” >

<fileset basedir=”${channel.dir}” >

<include name=”**\*.config” />

<exclude name=”*.bak” />

</fileset>

</copy>

</target>

<target name=”EditConfigs” description=”runs the token replacement by calling the sed script and passing the location of the tokenised configs as a parameter” >

<exec program=”D:\compiled\call_testarea.cmd” commandline=”${build.ID.dir}” />

<exec program=”D:\compiled\call_Live.cmd” commandline=”${build.ID.dir}” />

</target>

As you can see, the last target calls a couple of cmd files, the first of which looks like this:

xfind “%*\TestArea” -iname *.* |xargs sed -i -f “D:\compiled\config\testing.sed”

xfind “%*\TestArea” -iname *.* |xargs sed -i s/$/\r/

This is the sed command to read the config file, pipe the contents to sed and run the script file against it, and edit it in place. the second line handles Line Feeds so that the file ends up in a readable state. Essentially we’re telling sed to recursively read through the config file, and replace the tokens with the relevant value.

The advantage that this method has over using Nant’s “replacetokens” is that we can call the script for any number of files in any number of subdirectories using just one call, and the fact that the tokens and values are extracted from the build script. Also, the syntax means that the sed files are a lot smaller than a similar functioning Nant script would be.

And that’s about it.